| Current File : //usr/local/apps/perl/man/man1/perlcheat.1 |
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.11 (Pod::Simple 3.35)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
. ds -- \(*W-
. ds PI pi
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
. ds L" ""
. ds R" ""
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
. ds L" ``
. ds R" ''
. ds C`
. ds C'
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
.de IX
..
.nr rF 0
.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
. if \nF \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. if !\nF==2 \{\
. nr % 0
. nr F 2
. \}
. \}
.\}
.rr rF
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds #H 0
. ds #V .8m
. ds #F .3m
. ds #[ \f1
. ds #] \fP
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
. ds #V .6m
. ds #F 0
. ds #[ \&
. ds #] \&
.\}
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds ' \&
. ds ` \&
. ds ^ \&
. ds , \&
. ds ~ ~
. ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
. ds th \o'bp'
. ds Th \o'LP'
. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "PERLCHEAT 1"
.TH PERLCHEAT 1 "2019-05-11" "perl v5.30.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
perlcheat \- Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This 'cheat sheet' is a handy reference, meant for beginning Perl
programmers. Not everything is mentioned, but 195 features may
already be overwhelming.
.SS "The sheet"
.IX Subsection "The sheet"
.Vb 10
\& CONTEXTS SIGILS ref ARRAYS HASHES
\& void $scalar SCALAR @array %hash
\& scalar @array ARRAY @array[0, 2] @hash{\*(Aqa\*(Aq, \*(Aqb\*(Aq}
\& list %hash HASH $array[0] $hash{\*(Aqa\*(Aq}
\& &sub CODE
\& *glob GLOB SCALAR VALUES
\& FORMAT number, string, ref, glob, undef
\& REFERENCES
\& \e reference $$foo[1] aka $foo\->[1]
\& $@%&* dereference $$foo{bar} aka $foo\->{bar}
\& [] anon. arrayref ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo\->[1]\->[2]
\& {} anon. hashref ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo\->[1][2]
\& \e() list of refs
\& SYNTAX
\& OPERATOR PRECEDENCE foreach (LIST) { } for (a;b;c) { }
\& \-> while (e) { } until (e) { }
\& ++ \-\- if (e) { } elsif (e) { } else { }
\& ** unless (e) { } elsif (e) { } else { }
\& ! ~ \e u+ u\- given (e) { when (e) {} default {} }
\& =~ !~
\& * / % x NUMBERS vs STRINGS FALSE vs TRUE
\& + \- . = = undef, "", 0, "0"
\& << >> + . anything else
\& named uops == != eq ne
\& < > <= >= lt gt le ge < > <= >= lt gt le ge
\& == != <=> eq ne cmp ~~ <=> cmp
\& &
\& | ^ REGEX MODIFIERS REGEX METACHARS
\& && /i case insensitive ^ string begin
\& || // /m line based ^$ $ str end (bfr \en)
\& .. ... /s . includes \en + one or more
\& ?: /x /xx ign. wh.space * zero or more
\& = += last goto /p preserve ? zero or one
\& , => /a ASCII /aa safe {3,7} repeat in range
\& list ops /l locale /d dual | alternation
\& not /u Unicode [] character class
\& and /e evaluate /ee rpts \eb boundary
\& or xor /g global \ez string end
\& /o compile pat once () capture
\& DEBUG (?:p) no capture
\& \-MO=Deparse REGEX CHARCLASSES (?#t) comment
\& \-MO=Terse . [^\en] (?=p) ZW pos ahead
\& \-D## \es whitespace (?!p) ZW neg ahead
\& \-d:Trace \ew word chars (?<=p) ZW pos behind \eK
\& \ed digits (?<!p) ZW neg behind
\& CONFIGURATION \epP named property (?>p) no backtrack
\& perl \-V:ivsize \eh horiz.wh.space (?|p|p)branch reset
\& \eR linebreak (?<n>p)named capture
\& \eS \eW \eD \eH negate \eg{n} ref to named cap
\& \eK keep left part
\& FUNCTION RETURN LISTS
\& stat localtime caller SPECIAL VARIABLES
\& 0 dev 0 second 0 package $_ default variable
\& 1 ino 1 minute 1 filename $0 program name
\& 2 mode 2 hour 2 line $/ input separator
\& 3 nlink 3 day 3 subroutine $\e output separator
\& 4 uid 4 month\-1 4 hasargs $| autoflush
\& 5 gid 5 year\-1900 5 wantarray $! sys/libcall error
\& 6 rdev 6 weekday 6 evaltext $@ eval error
\& 7 size 7 yearday 7 is_require $$ process ID
\& 8 atime 8 is_dst 8 hints $. line number
\& 9 mtime 9 bitmask @ARGV command line args
\& 10 ctime 10 hinthash @INC include paths
\& 11 blksz 3..10 only @_ subroutine args
\& 12 blcks with EXPR %ENV environment
.Ve
.SH "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
.IX Header "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
The first version of this document appeared on Perl Monks, where several
people had useful suggestions. Thank you, Perl Monks.
.PP
A special thanks to Damian Conway, who didn't only suggest important changes,
but also took the time to count the number of listed features and make a
Perl 6 version to show that Perl will stay Perl.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Juerd Waalboer <#####@juerd.nl>, with the help of many Perl Monks.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
.IP "\(bu" 4
<http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=216602> \- the original \s-1PM\s0 post
.IP "\(bu" 4
<http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=238031> \- Damian Conway's Perl 6 version
.IP "\(bu" 4
<http://juerd.nl/site.plp/perlcheat> \- home of the Perl Cheat Sheet